INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET RESOURCES
The Internet is a network of computers that use common conventions for
naming and addressing systems. It is a collection of interconnected
independent networks. No one owns the Internet.
Domain Members
------ -------
.com Commercial Organization
.edu Educational Institutions
.gov Government organization other than military
.int International ogranizations
.mil U.S. military organizations
.net Internet resources
.org Organizations not fitting into other domains
.hk Hong Kong Region
.....
PART 1: EXPLORING THE NETWORK
GOPHER
The Internet Gopher client is used to search for and retrieve
files from Gopher servers anywhere on the Internet. It is thus a
distributed document delivery service. Gopher servers store files
containing text or binary data, directory information (loosely called
phone book), images or sound. Links to other Gopher servers result in
network wide cooperation to form the global Gopher web, often called
Gopherspace.
You may try our local gopher site and other gopher sites. It is menu
base.
csh> gopher
csh> gopher.cuhk.edu.hk
csh> gopher gopher.hku.hk
You can also try our xgopher
WORLD-WIDE WEB
World-Wide Web (also called WWW or W3) is a hypertext-based
information system. Any word in a hypertext document can be specified
as a pointer to a different hypertext document where more information
pertaining to that word can be found. The reader can open the second
document by selecting the word (using different methods depending on
the interface; in a mouse based system, a user would probably place the
mouse over the word and click the mouse button); only the part of the
linked document which contains relevant information will be displayed.
The second document may itself contain links to further
documents. The reader need not know where the referenced documents
are, because they will be obtained and presented as they are needed.
World-Wide Web uses hypertext over the Internet: the linked documents
may be located at different Internet sites.
You may try our WWW site and other WWW sites.
csh> mosaic (our IE WWW site)
csh> mosaic http://www.cuhk.edu.hk (CUHK WWW site)
csh> mosaic http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/hkwww.htm
(other WWWsites in H.K)
csh> mosaic http://hkein.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/ (HKEIN)
or use netscape on sun workstaions:
csh> netscape (our IE WWW site)
csh> netscape http://www.cuhk.edu.hk (CUHK WWW site)
csh> netscape http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/hkwww.htm
(other WWWsites in H.K)
csh> netscape http://hkein.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/ (HKEIN)
If you access the network without a graphical environment
(says, you dail in our modem spool with a tty terminal connection). You
can still access the WWW sites by Lynx. Lynx is a full screen browser
for WWW using arrows and tab keys, cursor addressing and
highlighted or numbered links to navigate within the web. Lynx has no
image or sound capabilities: any images or sounds are replaced by a tag
at display time and the corresponding files can be retrieved
separately.
csh> lynx (our IE WWW site)
csh> lynx http://www.cuhk.edu.hk (CUHK WWW site)
csh> lynx http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/hkwww.htm (other WWW sites in H.K)
You may use lynx to get some html files or gif image files from the web
pages.
For example, you want to get the online gif image from
http://www.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/~shlam/image/seye.gif ,
you may type
lynx -source http://www.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/~shlam/image/seye.gif > seye.gif
You may also create your web home page in our www server. Here are
the steps:
1) mkdir $HOME/public_html
2) put your html files (inculding your index.html) in these
directory.
3) chmod 755 $HOME/public_html
4) chmod -R og+r $HOME/public_html
5) chmod og+x $HOME
To open your own www home page just type
mosaic http://www.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/~$USER/
If you do not know how to write the html files for your web pages, read
the html guide in
http://www.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/~shlam/in_www_guide.html
Using our WWW cache server
If you always access oversea ftp, gopher and http sites by
using mosaic, netscape and lynx, you may use our WWW cache server so
that you can get the files directly from our cahce server when you
retrieve them again.
To use it:
For netscape:
set
"Options -> Preferences -> Mail & Proxies",
to be
FTP Proxy: w3cache.ie.cuhk.edu.hk Port: 8080
Gopher Proxy: w3cache.ie.cuhk.edu.hk Port: 8080
HTTP Proxy: w3cache.ie.cuhk.edu.hk Port: 8080
For lynx and Mosaic:
setenv http_proxy http://w3cache.ie.cuhk.edu.hk:8080/
setenv ftp_proxy http://w3cache.ie.cuhk.edu.hk:8080/
setenv gopher_proxy http://w3cache.ie.cuhk.edu.hk:8080/
FYI, our cache server does not cache the following site:
*.hk
*.hk.super.net
*.hk.net
and the maximum cache expire limit is 14 days.
If you find that our w3cache server is down, you may just reset the
proxy setting in netscape or unsetenv of the proxy variables.
PART 2: SEARCHING DATABASES
WAIS
WAIS, Wide Area Information Server, are databases containing
mostly text-based documents (although WAIS documents may contain
sound, pictures or video as well). WAIS databases are referred to as
sources. The databases may be organized in different ways, using
various database systems, but the user is not required to learn the
query languages of the different databases. The WAIS client uses
natural language queries to find relevant documents which contain the
words of the query.
You can get to WAIS by telnet
csh> telnet quake.think.co (login: wais)
csh> telnet sunsite.unc.edu (login: swais)
or by e-mail
You can query WAIS databases and retrieve documents by sending
commands in the body part of an e-mail message to
WAISmail@quake.think.com. The commands can be
help to get the help file
maxres number to set the maximum number of results
(i.e. documents) to be returned.
search source-name | "source-name1 source-name2 . keywords
where:
source-name
is a source name as found in the directory-of-servers
(with or without the .src ending). Use
double-quotes (") to group several sources to be searched.
keywords
are the words you would normally type into a query.
PART 3: FINDING FILES FROM ANONYMOUS FTP SITE
ARCHIE
Archie is a service which helps users to locate files and
directories on anonymous FTP servers anywhere on the Internet.
You can access ARCHIE by our local client "xarchie" Enter your
search term and choose the query item under the Query pull down menu.
or by telnet with login name "archie"
archie.edvz.uni-linz.ac.at Austria
archie.aco.net Austria
archie.uqam.ca Canada
archie.funet.fi Finland
archie.univ-rennes1.fr France
archie.th-darmstadt.de Germany
archie.ac.il Israel
archie.unipi.it Italy
archie.kyoto-u.ac.jp Japan
archie.hana.nm.kr Korea
archie.sogang.ac.kr Korea
archie.nz New Zealand
archie.uninett.no Norway
archie.rediris.es Spain
archie.luth.se Sweden
archie.switch.ch Switzerland
archie.ncu.edu.tw Taiwan
archie.doc.ic.ac.uk United Kingdom
archie.hensa.ac.uk United Kingdom
archie.ans.net USA
archie.internic.net USA
archie.rutgers.edu USA
archie.sura.net USA
archie.unl.edu USA
Type "prog your_search_key" to query your ftp sites. You can mail the
query result back to you by typing "mail your_email_addr"
or by e-mail with the search command in your mail body.
e.g.
csh> mail archie@archie.au
Subject:
prog my_search key
Then the search result will mail back to you.
or by gopher access
e.g.
csh> gopher archie.au 4320
For the detial commands of archie, please refer to:
http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/guides/earn/archie.html#using
You may also use "xarchie" under X-window envinronment.
PART 4: FINDING PEOPLE
NETFIND
NETFIND provides a simple Internet white pages directory
facility. Given the name of aperson on the Internet and a rough
description of where the person works, Netfind attempts to locate
telephone and electronic mailbox information about the person. It does
so using a seed database of domains and hosts in the network. The
person's first, last, or login name can be used.
You can access netfind by telnet with login name "netfind"
archie.au (AARNet, Melbourne, Australia)
bruno.cs.colorado.edu (University of Colorado, Boulder)
dino.conicit.ve (Nat. Council for Techn. &
Scien.Research,Venezuela)
ds.internic.net (InterNIC Directory and DB Services, S.
Plainfield,NJ)
eis.calstate.edu (California State University, Fullerton, CA)
hto-e.usc.edu (University of Southern California, Los Angeles)
krnic.net (Korea Network Information Center, Taejon, Korea)
lincoln.technet.sg (Technet Unit, Singapore)
malloco.ing.puc.cl (Catholic University of Chile, Santiago)
monolith.cc.ic.ac.uk (Imperial College, London, England)
mudhoney.micro.umn.edu (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis)
netfind.anu.edu.au (Australian National University, Canberra)
netfind.ee.mcgill.ca (McGill University, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada)
netfind.if.usp.br (University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil)
netfind.oc.com (OpenConnect Systems, Dallas, Texas)
netfind.vslib.cz (Liberec University of Technology, Czech
Republic)
nic.uakom.sk (Academy of Sciences, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia)
redmont.cis.uab.edu (University of Alabama at Birmingham)
Choose the "2. Search" item at the top level choices. Then
enter your search key. For example, you may try the search key:
"alan hong kong"
or by gopher access
Choose the Network Wide E-mail Searches item on our top gopher menu
You may also use the netfind service provided by CSD
csh> gopher gopher.cs.cuhk.edu.hk 4398
FINGER
You can get a user finger inforamtion by "finger email_adrr".
You can put your finger information in your ~/.plan and ~/.project
files. In order to have your finger information work, make sure your
.plan and .project can be read by the others and you have "chmod +x
$HOME"
PART 5: GETTING FILES FROM ANONYMOUS FTP SITES
One of the most common ways to obtain public domain software and
documents is to use anonymous ftp. (Login: anonymous ; pass word:
your_email_addr)
Besides anonymous ftp, gopher, mosaic, xarchie also allow you to get
files from remote hosts. I would like to remind you two things before
you try to get files from oversea hosts:
i) Try our local ftp sites first. Our ftp sites mirror the
files from major ftp sites oversea weekly. Hence, you can always get
the most updated files from our local sites.
ftp sites Retrieve Files
-------------------- -----------------
ftp.ie.cuhk.edu.hk faq, gnu, rfc, Linux, ....
ftp.cs.cuhk.edu.hk msdos (cica, simtel), X11, Linux ....
ftp.csc.cuhk.edu.hk mac,winsock,packet_driver,WWW, images ....
If you access our local ftp sites, the link is much faster. You
can use mosaic or netscape as a ftp browser to view the readme files
and image files before you decide to save it at your local host.
(e.g. open the URL file as http://www.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/~shlam/local_ftp.html
)
If you cannot find your files at the local ftp sites, then try
the xarchie to locate the ftp site oversea.
ii) If you are getting huge files (such as tar files or images
files), please put it into /common first and always your files in
/common after use. Please note that all the files in /common will be
erased at 00:00 on every Monday.
PART 6: NETWORKED INTEREST GROUPS
USENET (NETNEWS)
Usenet, sometimes called Netnews, is a huge collection of
messages which are made available to users worldwide by means of the
UUCP and NNTP protocols. Every Usenet message belongs to a
newsgroups.Our news servers had subscribed over 2000 newsgroups. The
no. of newsgroups are kept growing everyday. Users sending Usenet
messages must address each message to a particular newsgroup. Some of
the prefixes used to denote topic areas are:
Prefix Topic Area
------ ----------
comp Computing
news Netnews and the USENET
rec Recreations, hobbies, and leisure time
activities.
Sci The sciences
soc Social issues
talk Discussions
alt Alternative topics (almost anything can show up here!)
misc Miscellaneous
Of cousre, you should also check out our local newsgroups too.
ie.announce
for some important announcement here. You should read this
newsgroup everyday becuase you should not miss any message in
this newsgroup. However, you can only read the news but cannot
post news here. Only IE staff can post news here.News in this
newsgroup has no expired date.
ie.forum
for any discussion about IE dept. You can post yournews here.
The default expired date of your posted news is 30 days,
max. 60 days.
ie.ad
for any advertisement. Same as ie.forum, the default
expired date of your posted news is 30 days, max. 60 days
ie.service
for IE network technical problem discussion. You can post any
problem that you do not know how to solve in our IE network.
You can also post your solution in this newsgruop and let other
IE users share your experience. Articles in this newsgroup has
no expired date.
Please use ie.forum and ie.ad newsgroups to broadcast your
message instead of using e-mail.
You may be also interested in other local newsgroups too, such
as cs.xxxx, ee.xxxx, erg.xxxx, cuhk.xxxx .... etc.
There are two news readers (nn and tin) that allow you to read
news and post news. Both nn and tin will update your ~/.newsrc file
whenever it connects to the news server. ~/.newsrc records all the
newsgroups that you can subscribe in the news server.
NN
If you are the first time to use nn, nn will subscribe all the
newsgroups in the mews server. The subscribed newsgroups are
marked with a ":" character. You can use the following two ways to
unsubscribed the newsgroups:
1) Type the "U" key to unscribed the newsgroup one by one
interactively in nn
or
2) Use vi, sed, notepad, or texteditor to replace all the ":"
characters in your ~/.newsrc with the "!" character. Then
pick up the newsgroups that you want to subscribe and change
the "!" character back to ":" characters on that newsgroups lines.
nn allow you to to search ALL newsgroups for a particular subject or a
particular author. The format of the command is:
nn -mxX -sSubject all or nn -mxX -nName all
For the detail of nn or our newsgroups , please read our IE
gopher -> Internet/Usenet
TIN
tin can allow you to connect other news servers. For example,
you can connect to news.cuhk.edu.hk or news.ust.hk
csh> env NNTPSERVER=news.cuhk.edu.hk tin
or
csh> env NNTPSERVER=news.ust.hk tin
However, different news servers may have different newsgroup.
It is better for you to back up your original ~/.newsrc before your
connect to other news servers. Or you just alias a command to
access other news servers. E.G.
alias cuhknews "(setenv NNTPSERVER news.cuhk.edu.hk; tin -rf ~/.cuhknewsrc)"
PART 7: OTHER TOOLS OF INTEREST
IRC
IRC, Internet Relay Chat, is a real-time conversational system.
It is similar to the talk command which is available on many machines
in the Internet. IRC does everything talk does, but it allows more than
two users to talk at once, with access throughout the global Internet.
You may also try other irc servers. Read the irc_servers.txt file.
usage:
irc your_nickname irc_server
Here are some commonly used simileys in irc:
:-) Smiling
:-D Laughing
;-) Winking
:-( Frowning
:-X Sealed lips
|-| Sleeping
8-| Surprised
:{ Mustached
(:)-) diver
[:|] Robot
PART 8: FINDING YOUR ANSWER/SOLUTION FROM INTERNET
Here are my steps to find my answer or solution from internet. If you
have another better way, please e-mail to me (shlam@Ie.cuhk.edu.hk), I will
update the steps.
1) Search the faq first and see if you can find your answer there.
faq at cs.cuhk.edu.hk
faq at sunsite.ust.hk
hypertext faq at ohio-state
usenet faq at rtfm.mit.edu
2) Search the related links from
Net search
Net Directory
in netscape "Net search" and "Net Directory" by supplying some key
words.
(also try the Yahoo if you like)
or search the related files by using xarchie.
Try the following web sites if you have time:
The WWW Virtual Library
Lycos search
Infoseek
Communications & Telecommunications
3) Post the question in some corresponding usenet newsgroups and see if
other netters can help you. Make sure you have read the newsgroup faq
berfore your post it. After you get the answer from some netters,
please cancel your post article; otherwise your post article will still
continue to propagate to other sites and therefore, you will still
continue to receive replies from netters.
4) Send mail to your friends and see if they have encountered your
problem before. Ask them to give you some hints to slove your problem.
REFERNCE:
============
For more detail about internet resource, you can view the following
http documents in mosaic or netscape.
The Guide to Network Resource Tools
Welcome to the Big Dummy's Guide to the Internet
Big Dummy's Guide to the Internet - Table of Contents
The Guide to Network Resource Tools
Alan's Internet and www Beginners' Guide
WWW Technical Tips
Alan's network tools
Pointers for Probing Further
A tour in Web Space
13